The name Xerxes comes from the Greek Xerxēs, which represents Old Persian Khšayāršan, meaning “ruling over heroes” or “he who rules over men.” In Elamite his name was Ikšerša; in Akkadian Ah̥ši’aršu. In Hebrew his name was rendered ’aḥašweroš, the Ahasuerus of Esther. Ahasuerus was identified in the Septuagint, Josephus, Jewish Midrash, and the Peshitta with Artaxerxes.1 But there is no doubt that Ahasuerus was Xerxes (485–465 B.C.), the son of Darius I. Apart
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